Reviews and Commentary
Diagnostic Pathways in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Recommendations of the PIOPED II Investigators
Published Online:Jan 1 2007https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2421060971
References
- 1
, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(22): 2317–2327. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarStein PD - 2
, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and D-dimer. Ann Intern Med 2001;135(2):98–107. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarWells PS - 3
, Roy PM, Sanchez O, et al. Multidetector-row computed tomography in suspected pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2005;352(17):1760–1768. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarPerrier A - 4
, Buller HR, Huisman MV, et al. Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. JAMA 2006;295(2):172–179. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholarvan Belle A - 5
. Radiation protection and patient doses in diagnostic radiology. In: Grainger RG, Allison D, eds. Grainger & Allison's diagnostic radiology: a textbook of medical imaging. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1997; 169–183. Google ScholarRobinson A - 6
, Geleijns J, Matheijssen NA, Teeuwisse W, Pattynama PM. Radiation exposure of multi-row detector spiral computed tomography of the pulmonary arteries: comparison with digital subtraction pulmonary angiography. Eur Radiol 2003;13(7):1496–1500. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarKuiper JW - 7
, Murchison JT, Wright L, Williams J. Effect of the introduction of helical CT on radiation dose in the investigation of pulmonary embolism. Br J Radiol 2005;78(925):46–50. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarO'Neill J - 8
, Aldrich J, Muller NL. Radiation exposure at chest CT: a statement of the Fleischner society. Radiology 2003;228(1):15–21. Link, Google ScholarMayo JR - 9
, Mausoleo F, Valero M, Musset D. Comparison of doses for pulmonary embolism detection with helical CT and pulmonary angiography. Eur Radiol 2003;13(7):1515–1521. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarResten A - 10
, Liu B, Callahan RJ, Hales C, Quinn DA, Stein PD. An estimate of the radiation dose received per patient for the investigation of pulmonary venous thromboembolism based on the PIOPED II data (abstr). In: Radiological Society of North America Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting Program. Oak Brook, Ill: Radiological Society of North America, 2005; 464. Google ScholarWittram C - 11
, Sourkes AM. Radiation doses from chest x-rays in Manitoba (1979 and 1987). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 1989;28:303–308. Google ScholarHuda W - 12
. Ann ICRP 1991;21(1-3):1–201. Crossref, Google Scholar1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection - 13
, Ginsberg JS, Anderson DR, et al. Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(12):997–1005. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarWells PS - 14
, Lijmer JG, Mac Gillavry MR, Turkstra F, Prins MH, Buller HR. Comparison of a clinical probability estimate and two clinical models in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. ANTELOPE Study Group. Thromb Haemost 2000;83(2):199–203. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarSanson BJ - 15
, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-Dimer. Thromb Haemost 2000;83(3):416–420. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarWells PS - 16
, Bounameaux H, Aujesky D, et al. Comparison of two clinical prediction rules and implicit assessment among patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Am J Med 2002;113(4):269–275. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarChagnon I - 17
, Perneger TV, Junod AF, Bounameaux H, Perrier A. Assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward: a simple score. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(1):92–97. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarWicki J - 18 Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism. Results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED). The PIOPED Investigators. JAMA 1990;263(20):2753–2759. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
- 19
, Righini M, Roy PM, et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med 2006;144(3):165–171. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarLe Gal G - 20
, Hull RD, Patel KC, et al. D-dimer for the exclusion of deep venous thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2004;140(8):589–602. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarStein PD - 21
. Commentary. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:602. Google ScholarSox HC - 22
. MRA for diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Q J Nucl Med 2001;45(4):311–323. Medline, Google ScholarSostman HD - 23
, Hull RD, Pineo G. Strategy that includes serial noninvasive leg tests for diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism based on data from PIOPED. Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis. Arch Intern Med 1995;155(19):2101–2104. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarStein PD - 24
, Agnelli G, Hull RD, Hyers TM, Prins MH, Raskob GE. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126(3 suppl):401S–428S. [Published correction appears in Chest 2005;127(1):416.] Google ScholarBuller HR - 25
, Terrin ML, Gottschalk A, Alavi A, Henry JW. Value of ventilation/perfusion scans compared to perfusion scans alone in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1992;69(14):1239–1241. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarStein PD - 26
, Alavi A, Gottschalk A, et al. Usefulness of non-invasive diagnostic tools for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in patients with a normal chest radiograph. Am J Cardiol 1991;67(13):1117–1120. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarStein PD - 27
, Reid JH, Murchison JT. Do preliminary chest X-ray findings define the optimum role of pulmonary scintigraphy in suspected pulmonary embolism? Clin Radiol 2001;56(5):397–400. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarForbes KP - 28
, Roy PM, Aujesky D, et al. Diagnosing pulmonary embolism in outpatients with clinical assessment, D-dimer measurement, venous ultrasound, and helical computed tomography: a multicenter management study. Am J Med 2004;116(5):291–299. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarPerrier A - 29
, Kuijer PM, van Beek EJ, Brandjes DP, ten Cate JW, Buller HR. Diagnostic utility of ultrasonography of leg veins in patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 1997;126(10):775–781. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarTurkstra F - 30
, Bahepar J, Lafitte JJ, et al. Multi-detector row CT angiography of pulmonary circulation with gadolinium-based contrast agents: prospective evaluation in 60 patients. Radiology 2006;238(3):1022–1035. Link, Google ScholarRemy-Jardin M - 31
, Woodard PK, Hull RD, et al. Gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for detection of acute pulmonary embolism: an in depth review. Chest 2003;124(6):2324–2328. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarStein PD - 32
, Weg JG, Chenevert TL, Stafford-Johnson D, Hamilton BH, Prince MR. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. N Engl J Med 1997;336(20):1422–1427. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarMeaney JF - 33
, van Beek EJ, Wielopolski P, et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and conventional pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a prospective study. Lancet 2002;359(9318):1643–1647. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarOudkerk M - 34
, Frazer CK, Ferguson JM, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with MR angiography. Radiology 1999;210(2):353–359. Link, Google ScholarGupta A - 35
, Smith TP, Cragg AH, Lemke JH. Nephrotoxicity from contrast material in renal insufficiency: ionic versus nonionic agents. Radiology 1991;179(3):849–852. Link, Google ScholarHarris KG - 36
, Carlisle EJ. Metaanalysis of the relative nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolality iodinated contrast media. Radiology 1993;188(1):171–178. Link, Google ScholarBarrett BJ - 37
, Hlatky MA, Pieper KS, et al. Contrast nephrotoxicity: a randomized controlled trial of a nonionic and an ionic radiographic contrast agent. N Engl J Med 1989;320(3):149–153. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarSchwab SJ - 38
, Burgess WP, Gray LV, et al. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291(19):2328–2334. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarMerten GJ - 39
. Prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy: back to basics. JAMA 2004;291(19):2376–2377. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarChertow GM - 40
, Waybill PN. Contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity: identification of patients at risk and algorithms for prevention. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001;12(1):3–9. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarWaybill MM - 41
. Guidelines for performing angiography in patients taking metformin. Members of the Laboratory Performance Standards Committee of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1998;43(2):121–123. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarHeupler FA Jr - 42
, Kyriou J. Radiation from CT and perfusion scanning in pregnancy. BMJ 2005;331(7512):350. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarCook JV - 43
, Hui FK, Camacho MA. Female breast radiation exposure during CT pulmonary angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;185(5):1228–1233. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarParker MS - 44
. Managing patient dose in computed tomography. A report of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2000;30(4):7–45. Medline, Google ScholarTask Group on Control of Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography - 45
. D-dimer testing in pregnancy. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2003;33(5-6):327–329. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarEichinger S - 46
. Imaging pulmonary embolism in pregnancy: what is the most appropriate imaging protocol? Br J Radiol 2006;79(941):441–444. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarMatthews S - 47
, Fishman JE, Copeland JF, Hatabu H, Boiselle PM. Pulmonary embolism in pregnant patients: a survey of practices and policies for CT pulmonary angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181(6):1495–1498. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarSchuster ME - 48
. Wayne, NJ: Berlex Laboratories, revised May, 2000. Google ScholarMagnevist [package insert] - 49
, Yoshizumi T, Reiman RE, et al. Radiation dose to the fetus from body MDCT during early gestation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006;186(3):871–876. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarHurwitz LM - 50
, Sreeram N, Eussen YF, Pieters FA, Wellens HJ. Cross sectional Doppler echocardiography as the initial technique for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. Br Heart J 1994;72(1):52–57. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarCheriex EC - 51
, Redheuil A, Joseph T, et al. Use of transthoracic echocardiography combined with venous ultrasonography in patients with pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiol 2004;96(1):59–63. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarMansencal N - 52
, Jackson RE, Godfrey GW, Bonfiglio AX, Hussey ME, Hauser AM. Use of two-dimensional echocardiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus. J Emerg Med 1998;16(1):5–8. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarRudoni RR - 53
, Olivotto I, Cecchini P, et al. Utility of an integrated clinical, echocardiographic, and venous ultrasonographic approach for triage of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1998;82(10):1230–1235. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarGrifoni S







