The Effect of Contrast Material on Radiation Dose at CT: Part II. A Systematic Evaluation across 58 Patient Models
Figure 1: Graph shows intravenous contrast medium injection function, which was a uniphasic injection function of 125 mL of contrast agent (320 mg I/mL) at 5 mL/sec.
Figure 2: Graph shows tissue contribution of radiation dose increase due to the presence of iodine in different components of a vessels network. The distribution was approximated by the probability of the secondary electrons generated inside the iodine being deposited outside the vessel by using a Monte Carlo simulation of a simplified organ model.
Figure 3: Graphs show simulated iodine concentration curves for different organs (spleen, liver, kidneys, stomach, small intestine, colon, and pancreas) across a library of XCAT models for a contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examination.
Figure 4: Graphs show results of Monte Carlo simulation of the organ dose to the heart, spleen, liver, kidneys, stomach, colon, small intestine, and pancreas as a function of time across the XCAT models for a contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examination. The organ doses are normalized by CTDIvol .
Figure 5: Graphs show distribution of the maximum dose increment (as a percentage) in the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, stomach, colon, small intestine, and pancreas due to the administration of contrast medium across the XCAT models.
Figure 6: Graphs show potential range of radiation dose alteration for, A, liver and, B, kidney. The impact of iodine on radiation dose increase varies as the iodinated blood circulates through the vascular system. A normal distribution was assumed for the impact of iodine on dose increase, as the blood enters the arteries and flows through the capillaries in which it experiences the maximum proximity to the tissue cells and washes out subsequently through the veins.
