Table of Contents

Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI is an emerging molecular imaging technique that is actively undergoing clinical translation at multiple institutions.

Dual-energy CT can be safely used in pediatric patients with radiation exposure level that is similar to or less than that of single-energy CT.

For women with invasive breast cancer, a higher apparent diffusion coefficient difference value, presence of axillary node metastasis, and estrogen receptor negativity are each associated with poorer distant metastasis–free survival.

Digital breast tomosynthesis in the breast cancer screening setting can reduce the benign biopsy rate while maintaining the cancer detection rate.

Breast density assignments may vary greatly by screening mammographic modality (digital mammography alone; digital mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis, and synthetic mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis) and this effect appears to vary by ethnicity and body mass index.

Patients who underwent myocardial perfusion PET/CT and showed evidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at CT showed a higher risk of coronary microvascular dysfunction, which is an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiac events.

In a multicenter prospective study, patients had a two- to threefold preference for coronary CT angiography with stress perfusion over SPECT and invasive coronary angiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease.

Mononuclear cell activity was monitored in vivo after the temporary inhibition of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor by using multispectral fluorine MRI with the administration of two fluorine probes at early and late stages of cell renewal.

Our study provides normative values of L1 vertebra trabecular attenuation, which can serve as a quick reference for opportunistic osteoporosis screening at routine CT to identify adults with low bone mineral density who are at risk for osteoporosis, and who could potentially benefit from further evaluation and possible intervention.

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography showed high sensitivity and positive predictive value in detecting the origins, trajectory, and number of prostatic arteries prior to prostatic artery embolization.

Virtual noncontrast images enabled high diagnostic performance for renal lesion characterization. However, when compared with unenhanced images, there was a reduction in diagnostic performance for characterization of enhanced lesions.

The intracellular volume fraction derived from Vascular, Extracellular, and Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumors (VERDICT) MRI enables better differentiation of a Gleason 4 lesion from benign and/or Gleason grade 3+3 lesions in prostate cancer with a high level of repeatability and similar image quality compared with apparent diffusion coefficient values.

Our comparative effectiveness analysis indicates that screening and surveillance for intracranial aneurysms in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is cost-effective.

Routine treatment or frequent, indefinite imaging surveillance is not cost-effective in adults greater than 65 years old with unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Early diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis was defined as the presence of a spinal segment with a complete bone bridge with an adjacent segment of at least a near-complete bone bridge and another adjacent segment with at least the presence of newly formed bone or when at least three adjacent segments were recorded as showing a near-complete bone bridge.

At 3.0 T, use of a gadolinium-based contrast material at follow-up MRI did not change the diagnosis of interval disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

High iron content of the substantia nigra remote from supratentorial infarcts was associated with worse long-term motor function after stroke.

In acute ischemic stroke, automated assessment of noncontrast CT x-ray attenuation changes in Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, or ASPECTS, regions could serve as a potential imaging surrogate for CT perfusion–defined ischemic core to support guideline-based endovascular thrombectomy decision making in extended time windows.

In this animal study, rapid short-pulse sequences deliver drugs uniformly to the brain by disrupting the blood-brain barrier permeability for less than 10 minutes and with a low level of blood albumin release into the brain.

Four-dimensional CT (noncontrast agent enhanced, arterial, and delayed phases) provides superior preoperative localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism compared with sestamibi SPECT/CT in a direct head-to-head comparison. The combination of four-dimensional CT and sestamibi does not improve diagnostic performance compared with four-dimensional CT alone.

Lung US surface wave elastography may complement high-resolution CT for assessing patients with interstitial lung disease.

Elastic registration of inspiratory and expiratory MRI revealed qualitative and quantitative differences in lung deformation in study participants with systemic sclerosis compared with healthy volunteers.

Solitary cystic lung cancer has malignant features of nonuniform walls, septations, wall nodules, and irregular margins that help to distinguish this entity from benign cystic airspace on CT images.

In healthy porcine lung, the administration of a thermal accelerant gel before microwave ablation resulted in a larger ablation zone size compared with control ablations performed without thermal accelerant.

Neutropenia at the time of implantable subcutaneous chest port placement is associated with a significantly higher risk for early infection-related port removal, but not infection-related death.

Bone tumor cryoablation is safe, with a 2.5% rate of major complications, most commonly secondary fracture (1.2%).

An individualized trigger delay improves contrast opacification in CT angiography of the aorta, yielding a higher and more constant attenuation as well as an improved subjective image quality.

Lemmel syndrome is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice and should be included in the differential diagnosis of biliary obstruction when a periampullary duodenal diverticulum is demonstrated.